Don't carry on diagraph, see a result similar different.
For example say to measure the density of oxygen, the Rui benefit uses the oxygen that electrolysis water makes first, and then heats the oxygen of resolving the manufacturing with the potassium chlorate and also use Gao potassium manganate heat resolve manufacturing of oxygen, carry on diagraph respectively.Only to above three kinds of oxygens of method manufacturingses, measure of the densities are on the whole all similar, just got a dependable result.
Hydrogen and oxygens all measure quasi-, but measure the time that nitrogen annoys wrong.
The air is what oxygen and nitrogen spirit constitute, this has already made in 18th century clear.The Rui benefit passes air to burn the pipe of the laden steel scraps of red heat, the oxygen will combine with copper at this time, born oxidize a copper, leave of is nitrogen to annoy.The density that measures this kind of ammonia spirit, the result is 1.2572 grams to rise each time.
Rui benefit and then pass thick ammonia water to the oxygen, get the mixture spirit of oxygen and ammonia spirit.Pass the mixture spirit red hot of oxidize steel pipe, ammonia spirit and the oxygen reaction, born water and nitrogen spirit.The density that measures this kind of nitrogen spirit, the result is 1.2508 grams to rise each time.
Oddness!Two result sorry come, differ 0.0064 grams to rise each time.Whether test mistake?The Rui benefit again did some times again, result be still similar.
Nitrogen spirit of two kinds of different sources why,cheap beats by dre, will the density be different?This in the center and definitely has what profound mystery.Hence, the Rui benefit wrote for《nature 》 magazine a top that letter, invite everyone to together come to answer this hard nut to crack.
But a letter in reply also confiscate.
Is a chemist to help this time
How to do?A real scientist will not easily pass to appear in the experiment of abnormal and phenomenal.The problem cans not get solution, the Rui benefit continues to descend the experiment.He makes nitrogen spirit with various different methods and carefully measures density again.
He changes the iron scraps of using the red heat to clean the oxygen in the air, and then uses new-made the hydrogen becoming oxidize second iron to clean the oxygen in the air.Use these two kinds of methods from make in the air of nitrogen spirit, and remove the oxygen in the air but make with the copper scraps of red heat of nitrogen annoy similar, the density still keeps rising 1.2572 grams each time.
The Rui exploitation heats the method manufacturing nitrogen spirit of second nitric acid Jiao and restores a to oxidize nitrogen and smiles the spirit(nitrous oxide) manufacturing nitrogen spirit with the iron scraps of red heat and resolve urea with the sour sodium of bromine manufacturing nitrogen spirit.Result BE, these compound decompositions come out of nitrogen spirit, density with from the ammonia spirit the decomposition come out of nitrogen annoy of the density rise 1.2508 grams each time to is similar.
The Rui benefit was again devoted to do an experiment for two years.These experiments accurately proved:Nitrogen made in to°from various compound of nitrogen spirit the density is all similar, annoy small 0.5% than nitrogen separated by in the air.
On April 19, 1894, the Rui benefit made a report on British Royal academic association and in detail introduced his experiment result.
The report finished, the chemist was pulled Mu match to seek Rui benefit.Pull a Mu match to say:"Two year agos, I see your the letter on the 《nature 》 magazine.I still could not distinguished Chu at that time, why nitrogen spirit would have two kinds of densities.Understand now.I believe that nitrogen spirit in the air definitely implies heavier impurities, unknown air.If you agree, I would like to keep on continuing this experiment."
The match that the Rui benefit is very happy to pull Mu can cooperate with him to study this problem.Hence, the physicist and another chemist solved a scientific hard nut to crack together.
At this will up, also had a physicist Du tile to provide an important clues to the Rui benefit:Science old-timer card text Di of England once did an experiment, he also thought that there are impurities in nitrogen spirit that obtained from the air.
Rui benefit a hear these circumstance, happy must almost want to spring up, his laboratory is assigned name to with the card text Di.In the Cambridge university, the card text Di allows the science experiment record and data in more than 100 year agos and all keep very good.
The Rui benefit immediately checks an ancient technique file after returning to.Indeed as expected, the card text Di allowed to once do an experiment in 1785.The Rui benefit saw his experiment record and felt very surprised.
What person is the card text Di ?He did a what kind of experiment?
Science eccentric and small bubble
End in 18th century, London, England lives an eccentric, he is the card text Di.The card text Di allows and doesn't get married during a lifetime, because he a see women could not say words.He hardly goes out, once he come out, will have a group of child and behind run in his wagon, the person on the street also wants to point a point and discusses in succession.Because his wear still he the style in grandfather's ages, very peculiar.
The card text Di is a nobility, very rich, but don't like social intercourse.He goes out to two places, on being the science public lecturer that British Royal learns, he is the member of Royal academic association;Two is once a week of scientist's evening party.His money is all used to buy scientific instrument and book.He built up laboratory and library at he's in home.Literally what persons can go to his library and lend a book, just needs to carry out to borrow to read a procedure, return on time.The card text Di allows oneself to take a book to see and also wants to write a promissory note and up writes:"Some month some day, the card text Di lends the some book one volume."
The card text Di hides in own laboratory to do an experiment all day long.All experiments, he did a detailed record, but seldom his the research achievement sorting come out to announce.
In 1810, the card text Di died.Lead 50 years, his experiment record just is announced by the physicist Michael's Si Wei sorting.Each scientist saw many experiments that his works are all big to do for respecting and admiring, originally younger generation scientist, the card text Di allowed to have already once done.The chemist knew the card text Di not only studied constituting of air, also the first the one or two humidity solution is hydrogen and oxygen, and measuresed both of combine a physical volume is 2:1.The physicist knew to is a card text Di to allow the first to compute a permafrost quality.The static electricity makes****Become a direct proportion with the size of electric charge, and the square of distance become inverse ratio, this laws card text Di allows to measurese than the coulomb of still want early, also have to be accurate.But the physics lesson originally up still keeps being called this laws coulomb laws, because the card text Di didn't publicly announce his detection.
The Rui benefit is at British Royal learn in 1784 and annual report of 1785 two years in, found out a card text the Di allows of thesis, the topic is 《experiment concerning air 》 .
Need to there is the knowledge of some history to read to understand the science thesis of more than 100 year agos.Rui Li knows at up a century nitrogen spirit just discovered of time, people took care of it to call "was muddy to annoy".Card text Di's allowing in the thesis spoken"muddy spirit" is nitrogen spirit, this is exactly his interested in problem.
The card text Di is allowing to fill up two wine cups mercury, and then bending an U form glass the both ends of tube respectively and putting a person to two mercuries of wine cups, again rise 2 of electric appliances lead a line difference arrive two cup mercury inside.
Start to wave an electric appliances, circle the glass plate and furriery constantly rub and rub rare of the electricity pass to lead line, the backlog is in the mercury cup.Led a period of time, the glass bent inside the tube and gave or got an electric shock spark for one Shan and appeared a red smoke at the same time, this is the tube to have a small part to combine inside the oxygen and nitrogen spirit in the air born two oxidize nitrogen.
Card text the Di allow the Ke sodium(the hydrogen oxidizes a sodium) aqua the drop arrive glass tube in, the red disappeared:Two oxidize nitrogen be absorbed by the Ke sodium aqua.The air physical volume in the by this time curved tube narrowed some.
The card text Di allows to by turn keep starting to shake an electric appliances with his servant, let the glass take care of inside constantly turn on electricity.Finally, the oxygens in the air all matched with nitrogen gasification, but born two oxidize nitrogen and be all absorbed by the Ke sodium aqua.The glass takes care of the physical volume of medium air to narrow to certain extent, no longer narrow.
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